5.7. The negation grammateme

The basic values of the negation grammateme are represented in Table 5.8, "Values of the negation grammateme".

Table 5.8. Values of the negation grammateme

neg0

affirmative

neg1

negative

The grammateme is relevant for:

  1. certain denominating semantic nouns (sempos = n.denot.neg; see Section 6.1.1.1, "Denominating semantic nouns with which the negation is represented separately"),

  2. denominating semantic adjectives (sempos = adj.denot; see Section 6.2.1, "Denominating semantic adjectives"),

  3. gradable denominating semantic adverbs that can be negated (sempos = adv.denot.grad.neg; see Section 6.3.4, "Gradable denominating semantic adverbs that can be negated"),

  4. non-gradable denominating semantic adverbs that can be negated (sempos = adv.denot.ngrad.neg; see Section 6.3.2, "Non-gradable denominating semantic adverbs that can be negated").

The negation grammateme is used to express whether a given semantic noun / adjective / adverb occured in its negated or non-negated form in the surface structure of the sentence. Both forms are represented by a non-negated t-lemma at the tectogrammatical level. A node representing a positive (non-negated) item has the neg0 value in its negation grammateme; a node for a negative item is specified as neg1.

Examples:

hlasování o státním rozpočtu [negation=neg0] (=lit. voting about state budget)

otázka bytí [negation=neg0] a nebytí [negation=neg1] vysokých škol (=lit. question (of) being and non-being (of) universities)

nezralost dítěte [negation=neg1] (=lit. immaturity (of) child)

nepěkný zážitek [negation=neg1]] (=lit. not_nice experience)

nepříliš vydařený výlet [negation=neg1] (=lit. not_very successful trip)