To describe the meaning of certain modifications more precisely a special attribute with the meaning of state was introduced: is_state. The attribute is_state is assigned to all nodes with adjunct functors.
The verb být (=to_be) but also full verbs and nouns are modified by a whole range of prepositional modifications that generally express the meaning of state. Together with the governing verb they express the meanings of "being in a state" or "getting into a state". Example:
Pacient byl při smyslech. (=The patient was in full possession of his senses.)
Upadl do nesnází. (=He fell into trouble.)
člověk ve špatné náladě (=a man in a bad humour)
None of the adjunct functors expresses the meaning of these modifications exactly. Establishing a new functor would not solve the problem sufficiently. There are many semantic differentiations within this general meaning of state. When establishing a new functor it would be necessary to work with many subfunctors. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this type of free modification from different perspectives:
from the perspective of fixedness of the prepositional expressions,
from the perspective of the possibility to make the +/- distinction.
Cf.:
Je v provozu.(=It is in operation.)
Je mimo provoz. (=It is out of operation.)
Je na řadě. (=It is his turn.)
Není na řadě. (=It is not his turn.)
Pacient byl při smyslech.(=The patient was in full possession of his senses.)
Pacient byl v bezvědomí. (=The patient was unconscious.)
Má před operací. (=He will be operated on.)
Je po operaci. (=He is after a surgery.)
Prepositional modifications with the meaning of state have been assigned the functor that expresses the closest meaning (most frequently the functors LOC, TWHEN, MANN) and we establish the attribute is_state the values of which are 0, 1. The modifications with the meaning of state are assigned the value 1 (see also Table 7.4, "Values of the is_state attribute").
Table 7.4. Values of the is_state attribute
0 |
the node represents a modification that does not have the meaning of a state |
1 |
the node represents a modification with the meaning of a state that cannot be represented properly just by the assigned functor and its subfunctors |
Examples:
Je v krizi.LOC [is_state=1] (=He is in a crisis)
Byl po operaci.TWHEN [is_state=1] (=lit. (He) was after (a) surgery.)
člověk ve špatné náladě.RSTR [is_state=1] (=lit. (a) man in (a) bad humour)
Zůstal na živu.MANN [is_state=1] (=lit. (He) stayed alive.)
Upadl do nesnází.DIR3 [is_state=1] (=lit. (He) fell into trouble.)
Modifications with the general meaning of state can also be valency modifications. For more on this see Section 2.3.1.6, "Valency modifications expressing that something is in a particular "state"".