(Jirka navštívil Marii.) Honza Jiřinu (=lit. (George visited Mary.) John Henriette).

= (Jirka navštívil Marii.) Honza navštívil Jiřinu. (=lit. (George visited Mary.) John visited Hentriette.)

The governing verb navštívit (=to visit) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. The node representing the verb navštívit will be copied from the previous sentence (from the previous tectogrammatical tree) into the position of the elided verb. Cf. Fig. 6.199.

Pavel nepřinesl nic, Hanka čokoládu. (=lit. Paul brought nothing, Hanna chocolate.)

= Pavel nepřinesl nic, Hanka přinesla čokoládu. (=Paul brought nothing, Hanna brought chocolate.)

The governing verb přinést (=to bring) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second clause. The node representing the verb přinést (=to bring) will be copied from the previous clause (from the previous subtree) into the position of the elided verb. No node for syntactic negation will be inserted under the copied node.

V sobotu pracovali všichni, ale v neděli nikdo. (=lit. On Saturday worked everyone, but on Sunday nobody.)

= V sobotu pracovali všichni, ale v neděli nepracoval nikdo. (=lit. On Saturday worked everyone, but on Sunday not_worked nobody.)

The governing verb nepracovat (=not_to_work) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second clause. The node representing the verb pracovat (=to_work) will be copied from the previous clause (from the previous subtree) into the position of the elided verb. A node representing syntactic negation will be inserted under the copied node.

if a verbal phraseme is subject to textual ellipsis (see Section 8.2, "Verbal idioms"), both the node representing the governing part of the verbal phraseme and the node representing its dependent part (with the DPHR functor) are copied into relevant the position. For example:

if a complex predicate is subject to textual ellipsis (see Section 9.3, "Complex predicates"), both the node representing the verbal part of the complex predicate and the node representing its nominal part (with the CPHR functor) are copied into the relevant position. For example:

if a verbo-nominal predicate is subject to textual ellipsis (see Section 2.1.3, "Copula "být" (verbonominal predicate)"), both the node representing the copula verb být (=to_be) and the node representing the non-verbal part of the verbo-nominal predicate (with the PAT functor) are copied into the relevant position in the tree. For example:

NB! There are some exceptional cases (comparative constructions) where the nonverbal part of the verbonominal predicate is not copied, but rather a newly established node with t-lemma #Some is inserted into the structure (for details see Section 4, "Constructions with the meaning of "comparison"").

NB! Due to the fact that we represent predicates like být veselý a šťastný (=lit. to_be jolly and happy) as a single verbonominal predicate with its nonverbal parts coordinated, it is necessary to copy all the nodes if such a predicate is subject to textual ellipsis: i.e. to copy the node representing the copula být (=to_be), the node representing the root of the paratactic structure as well as the nodes representing the coordinated nonverbal parts.

if a modal predicate represented by two nodes (see Section 9.1.1, "Modal predicates") is subject to textual ellipsis, both the node representing the modal verb and the node representing the infinitive of the lexical (full) verb (with the PAT functor) are copied into the relevant position in the tree. For example:

(Budeš se učit?) Budu. (=lit. (Will you learn?) (I) will.)

= (Budeš se učit?) Budu se učit. (lit. (=Will you learn?) (I) will REFL learn.)

The lexical verb učit se (=to_learn) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. The node representing the verb učit se (=to_learn) is copied from the previous sentence (from the previous tectogrammatical tree) into the relevant position. The whole predicate budu se učit (=I will learn) is represented by a single node (copied in this case). The meaning of the auxiliary is encoded in the values of the appropriate grammatemes (see Chapter 5, Complex nodes and grammatemes). Cf. Fig. 6.201.

(Měl bys už cvičit?) Měl bych. (=lit. (Should you already exercise?) (I) should -.)

= (Měl bys už cvičit?) Měl bych cvičit. (=lit. (Should you already exercise?) (I) should - exercise.)

The lexical verb cvičit (=to_exercise) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. The node representing the verb cvičit (=to_exercise) is copied from the previous sentence (from the previous tectogrammatical tree) into the position of the elided verb. The whole prodicate měl bych cvičit (=I should exercise) is represented by a single node (copied in this case). The meanings of the modal and auxiliary verbs are represented by the grammateme values (see Chapter 5, Complex nodes and grammatemes).

Another example:

(Petr opravuje auto.) Jirka také. (=lit. (Peter repairs car.) George too.)

= (Petr opravuje dědovo auto.) Jirka také opravuje auto. (=lit. (Peter repairs grandfather's car.) George also repairs a_car.)

The governing verb opravovat (=to_repair) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. The node representing the verb opravovat (=to_repair) is copied from the previous sentence (from the previous tectogrammatical tree) into the appropriate position. The omitted Patient of the verb (auto (=car)) is not copied, instead, a newly established node with the t-lemma substitute #PersPron is inserted into the structure (and its coreferential relation to the node representing the expressed Patient in the previous sentence is marked in the tree).

(Petr opravuje dědovo auto.) Jirka otcovo. (=lit. (Peter repairs grandather's car.) George father's.)

= (Petr opravuje dědovo auto.) Jirka opravuje otcovo auto. (=lit. (Peter repairs grandfather's car.) George repairs father's car.)

The governing verb opravovat (=to_repair) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. The node representing the verb opravovat (=to_repair) will be copied from the previous sentence (from the previous tectogrammatical tree) into the appropriate position. The elided Patient (auto (=car)) will also be copied, as it simultaneously serves as the governing node of the expressed modification otcovo (=father's).

(Petr má plán studovat matematiku.) Jirka také. (=lit. (Peter has a_plan to_study mathematics.) George too.)

= (Petr má plán studovat matematiku.) Jirka má také plán studovat matematiku. (=lit. (Peter has a_plan to_study mathematics.) George has also a_plan to_study mathematics.)

The complex predicate mít plán (=to have a plan) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. Both the node representing the governing verb mít (=to have) and the node representing the nominal part of the phraseme plán (=plan) (with the CPHR functor) will be copied into the position of the omitted complex predicate. The omitted Patient of the nominal part of the predicate (studovat (=to study)) will not be copied, instead, a newly established node with the t-lemma substitute #PersPron is inserted (and its coreferential relation to the node representing the expressed Patient in the previous sentence is marked in the tree).

(Petr má plán studovat matematiku / v Brně.) Jirka fyziku / v Praze. (=lit. (Peter has a_plan to_study mathematics / in Brno.) George physics / in Prague.)

= (Petr má plán studovat matematiku.) Jirka má plán studovat fyziku / v Praze. (=lit. (Peter has a_plan to_study mathematics.) George has a_plan to_study physics / in Prague.)

The complex predicate mít plán (=to have a plan) is subject to textual ellipsis in the second sentence. Both the node representing the governing verb mít (=to have) and the node representing the nominal part of the phraseme plán (=plan) (with the CPHR functor) will be copied into the position of the omitted complex predicate. The omitted Patient of the nominal part of the predicate (studovat (=to study)) will also be copied, as it simultaneously serves as the governing node of the expressed modification fyzika / v Praze (=physics / in Prague).

Nač {#EmpVerb.PRED} ten spěch? (=lit. What_for {#EmpVerb} the haste?)

The clause Nač ten spěch? (=lit. What_for the haste?) is interpreted as verbal. If it is not a case of textual ellipsis, the position of the absent governing predicate will be filled in by a node with the t-lemma substitute #EmpVerb. Cf. Fig. 6.203.

transgressive constructions - with the transgressive omitted - of the type "seděl hlavu skloněnou (=lit. (he) was_sitting (his) head bowed)".

For details see Section 10.2.2, "Predicative complement expressed by a transgressive (gerund)".

the empty verb as the governing node of a subtree representing direct speech.

A node for the empty verb represents the non-expressed transgressive or infinitive of the verb of saying introducing the direct speech.

For details see Section 3.1.1.1, "Specific constructions in which direct speech is represented as an argument of the verb".

the empty verb as the effective root of the direct speech consisting only of a vocative or interjectional clause.

For details see Section 3, "Direct speech".

Modré pantofle jsou maminky, zelené jsou bratrovy. (=lit. Blue slippers are mother's, green are brother's.)

= Modré pantofle jsou maminky, zelené pantofle jsou bratrovy. (=lit. Blue slippers are mother's, green slippers are brother's )

The noun pantofle (=slippers), governing the expressed adjective zelený (=green), is subject to textual ellipsis in the second clause. The node representing the noun pantofle (=slippers) is copied from the previous text (from the previous subtree) into the appropriate position. Cf. Fig. 6.206.

modrý a červený inkoust (=lit. blue and red ink)

= modrý inkoust a červený inkoust. (=blue ink and red ink)

The noun inkoust (=ink) governing the expressed adjective modrý (=blue) is subject to textual ellipsis (and these are two different objects, not just one). The node representing the expressed noun inkoust (=ink) is copied into the appropriate position.

modré a červené inkousty (=lit. blue and red inks)

= modré inkousty a červené inkousty. (=blue inks and red inks.)

Přišli jen {#EmpNoun.ACT} mladší. (=lit. Came only {#EmpNoun} younger.)

The noun governing the expressed adjective mladší (=younger) is not expressed in the clause. A newly established node with the t-lemma substitute #EmpNoun will be inserted into the appropriate position (if it is not a case of textual ellipsis in fact). Cf. Fig. 6.210.