7.1. Parenthesis proper

Parenthesis proper is a parenthesis used just in a given context (situation).

This type can be further classified:

Parentheses can also be found used on their own (then, they are always typographically marked, usually by using brackets). For example:

(strana 4) (=(page 4)) Fig. 6.113

(Pardon!) Fig. 6.114

(av, čtk) Fig. 6.115

If the independent parenthetic clause is a verbal or nominative clause, its effective root node has the PAR functor (cf. Fig. 6.113 and Fig. 6.115). If it is a vocative or interjectional clause, its effective root node has the VOCAT or PARTL functor (cf. Fig. 6.114).

Figure 6.107. Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Podmětem (jestliže vyjadřuje činnost), může být i infinitiv. (=lit. Subject (if expresses activity) can be also infinitive)

Figure 6.108. Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Pavel Novák (z Prahy). (=lit. Pavel Novák (from Praha))

Figure 6.109. Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Pavel Novák (Praha).

Figure 6.110. Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Mužstvo skončilo až třetí (loni bylo první). (=lit. Team ended only third (last_year was first))

Figure 6.111. Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Žádná města (jen Praha) nehrála tak významnou úlohu. (=lit. No towns (only Praha) not_played such important role)

Figure 6.112. Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Přijel na chatu (čekali ho a těšili se). (=lit. (He) came to cottage ((they) waited for_him and looked_forward_to REFL))

Figure 6.113. Independent parenthetic clause

Independent parenthetic clause

(strana 4) (=lit. (page 4))

Figure 6.114. Independent parenthetic clause

Independent parenthetic clause

(Pardon!)

Figure 6.115. Independent parenthetic clause

Independent parenthetic clause

(av, čtk)

Parenthesis introduced by a coordinating connective. A special subtype of syntactically integrated parenthesis are cases when there is coordination in the sentence and one of the coordinated expressions is marked as a parenthesis. For example:

Přišel tam Petr (a Pavel). (=Petr (and Pavel) came there) Fig. 6.106

Věc se vyřeší (nebo taky nevyřeší). (=The thing will be solved (or it will not)) Fig. 6.116

Kup rohlíky (a máslo). (=Buy some rolls (and butter))

Those members of a paratactic connection that are a parenthesis are analyzed in accordance with the rules for paratactic structures (see Section 6.1, "Representing parataxis in a tectogrammatical tree"), i.e. they depend directly on the root node of the paratactic structure. All nodes that are part of a parenthesis have the 1 value in the is_parenthesis attribute. If the connective (i.e. the paratactic structure root node) is also part of the parenthesis, it also has the value 1 in the is_parenthesis attribute.

This way of representing coordinated parenthetic expressions is only used if the parenthesis is clearly integrated in the syntax of the sentence. The following examples are analyzed as syntactically non-integrated parentheses:

V dobrých zahraničních restauracích (a nemusí to být vždy nejdražší) by se tohle nikdy nestalo. (=In good restaurants in other countries (and these don't have to be the most expensive ones), this would never happen) Fig. 6.117

Čína je nyní, a já doufám, že i nadále bude, důležitý partner USA. (=China is (and I hope it also will be) an important partner of the USA)

Takoví lidé, a patří mezi ně i pan předseda, nemají ve vedení co dělat. (=Such people (and the chair is one of them) should not be in the management)

In the examples above, the segments introduced by coordinating connectives are represented as parentheses syntactically non-integrated in the sentence. The effective root node of the parenthesis is assigned the PAR functor, the connective gets the PREC functor and depends on the node with the PAR functor.

Figure 6.116. Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Věc se vyřeší (nebo taky nevyřeší). (=lit. Thing REFL solves (or also not_solves))

Figure 6.117. Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

Parenthesis not integrated in the syntax of the sentence

V dobrých zahraničních restauracích (a nemusí to být vždy nejdražší) by se tohle nikdy nestalo. (=In good foreign restaurants (and not_have_to it be always the_most_expensive) would REFL this never happen)