Foreign-language expressions are segments in a language other than Czech. A segment is a foreign-language expression if it contains one or more foreign-language words that are not in forms corresponding to the Czech morphology.
List structure for foreign-language expressions. Foreign-language expressions are analyzed as a list structure (see also Section 4, "List structure root nodes"). The root node of a list structure for foreign-language expressions is a newly established node with the t-lemma substitute #Forn (nodetype=list). The root node of the list structure is assigned a functor according to the role the foreign-language expression has in the sentence.
All parts of a foreign language expression (including the punctuation and other symbols) are represented by separate nodes in the tree and are immediate daughters of the root. Thus, they are represented as sisters, in the same order as on the surface. These nodes (items in the list) are assigned the FPHR functor (nodetype=fphr; see also Section 5, "Nodes representing foreign-language expressions"). The t-lemmas are the surface forms of the foreign-language words.
Examples:
Nenahraditelný je pro sledování {#Forn.PAT} cash.FPHR flow.FPHR (=It is indispensable for the cash flow monitoring) Fig. 8.173
firma {#Forn.ID} Eagle.FPHR Group.FPHR V.FPHR . [#Period.FPHR] A.FPHR . [#Period.FPHR] (=Eagle Group V.A. company) Fig. 8.174
ubytování typu {#Forn.ID} bed.FPHR and.FPHR breakfast.FPHR (=bed and breakfast type of accomodation)
Modification of the list. A foreign-language expression can be modified (as a whole) by a Czech expression. Such a modification (or its root node) is an immediate daughter of the root node of the list structure. Cf.:
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Přispíval do britských Financial Times. (=He was contributing to the British Financial Times)
The foreign-language expression Financial Times is modified by the adjective britský. The node for this adjective is an immediate daughter of the root node of the list structure (the node with the
#Fornt-lemma). Cf. Fig. 8.175.
List structure for foreign-language expressions vs. identification structure. Also foreign-language names (except for one-word names in the nominative of identity) are analyzed as foreign-language expressions. If there are two possible analyses of an expression: as a list structure, or as an identification structure (see Section 8.1.3, "Identification structure"), the analysis making use of the list structure (for foreign-language expressions; see also Section 8.2.1, "Specific rules for certain types of proper nouns") is to be preferred.
Examples of foreign-language names analyzed as list structures:
Z {#Forn.DIR1} Uyuni.FPFR je to 22 km. (=It is 22 km from Uyuni) Fig. 8.176
v deníku {#Forn.ID} Financial.FPFR Times.FPFR (=in the Financial Times daily newspaper)
The following cases are not analyzed as a list structure:
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commonly used loan words, even if indeclinable, and loan words with Czech morphology. These cases follow the standard annotation rules.
For example:
Vyprávěl o včerejší extra.
RSTRshow.PAT(=He was talking about the yesterday's extra show)Přispíval do britských.
RSTRTimesů.DIR3(=He was contributing to the British Times newspaper) -
foreign-language proper names: European names. Multi-word foreign-language first and last names are represented by a single node. For the annotation rules for European proper names see Section 8.2, "Proper nouns and titles".
For example:
van Gogh [
t-lemma= van_Gogh]NB! Proper names in other than European languages are represented as a list structure (for foreign-language expressions); e.g.:
čínský císař {
#Forn} Tung.FPHRchun.FPHRChou.FPHR(=the China's emperor Tung chun Chou) Fig. 8.177 -
one-word foreign-language names in the nominative of identity. Nodes representing foreign-language names in the nominative of identity are assigned the
IDfunctor and no new node with the#Fornt-lemma is inserted in the tree (for more, see Section 8.2.1, "Specific rules for certain types of proper nouns").For example:
časopis Times.
ID(=the Times periodical)
In unclear cases, the analysis making use of the list structure is to be preferred.
Figure 8.173. Foreign-language expressions
Nenahraditelný je pro sledování cash flow. (=lit. Irreplaceable is for monitoring cash flow)
