sempos = adj.denot

The subgroup of denominating semantic adjectives consists of:

NB! Possessive adjectives do not belong to this subgroup; they are represented by the t-lemma of the corresponding semantic noun and are described with the help of nominal grammatemes; see Section 6.1.1, "Denominating semantic nouns".

Denominating semantic adjectives have the following grammatemes:

The degcmp grammateme. All denominating semantic adjectives have the degree grammateme. Denominating semantic adjectives are not (unlike denominating semantic adverbs) divided into the gradable and non-gradable ones. Finding the borderline between gradable and non-gradable semantic adjectives is complicated by the occassional occurrence of comparative and superlative forms of otherwise non-gradable adjectives (e.g.: čokoládový - nejčokoládovější čokoláda (=chocolate.adj - the most chocolate chocolate), český - češtější přístup k věci (=Czech - a more Czech approach to the matter)). As for the semantic adverbs, these cases are rare if existent at all (non-gradable semantic adverbs could be separated as a subgroup not having the degree grammateme; see sempos = adv.denot.ngrad.nneg; see Section 6.3.1, "Non-gradable denominating semantic adverbs that cannot be negated" and sempos = adv.denot.ngrad.neg; see Section 6.3.2, "Non-gradable denominating semantic adverbs that can be negated").

The value of the degree grammateme usually corresponds to the value of the morphological category of degree. For example:

NB! The comp or sup values are not assigned in those cases when the higher/highest degree of a property is expressed in the periphrastic form, e.g.: víc příjemně (=more pleasantly), nejvíce hezký (=the most beautiful) etc. Apart form these collocations, which may be considered equivalent to one-word comparative and superlative forms (příjemnější (=nicer, more_pleasant), nejhezčí (=the_prettiest, the_most_beautiful)), there are also cases when více (=more) / nejvíce (=the_most) are combined with comparative or superlative forms (e.g.: více příjemněji (=lit. more pleasant-er) etc.). The degree grammateme value assignment is problematic in these cases. A solution is to assign a value to both parts of the collocation. For example:

As for the acomp value, there is no corresponding value of the morphological category of degree; it is assigned to nodes representing frozen comparative forms not expressing comparison (the so called absolute comparative / elative). For example:

NB! When it is not possible to decide whether the comparative is the absolute or the common one, both values are assigned.

The negation grammateme. The value of the negation grammateme tells us whether the surface form of the adjective was negated or not (the neg0 value for the positive, the neg1 value for the negative forms). For example:

NB! Not every prefix ne- represents the neg1 value in the negation grammateme - not in the case there is no positive form of the lexical item in question. For example:

!!! Dividing denominating semantic adjectives into those that can and those that cannot be negated (as with the denominating semantic adverbs; see Section 6.3, "Semantic adverbs") is complicated by the fact that some adjectives, which are usually found only in their positive forms, can occassionaly be negated, too; for example: český (=Czech) - nečeský (=non_Czech) etc. The negation grammateme is therefore relevant for denominating semantic adjectives as well.

sempos = adj.pron.def.demon

The subgroup of definite pronominal - demonstrative - semantic adjectives consists of:

Nodes of this subgroup have no grammatemes.

Examples:

!!! In the current version of PDT, the value adj.pron.def.demon is assigned to all nodes representing the pronoun takový. However, it will be necessary to distinguish the cases when the pronoun is a semantic noun from the cases when it is a semantic adjective in the future (i.e. to decide when to assign the value adj.pron.def.demon and when n.pron.def.demon) - depending on its syntactic position. See also Section 5.3.2, "Correlative pairs with the supporting expression "takový"".

sempos = adj.pron.indef

The subgroup of indefinite pronominal semantic adjectives consists of indefinite pronouns with the adjectival function:

The pronouns který (=which) and jaký (=what) and their derivatives are either semantic nouns or semantic adjectives depending on whether they are in the position of a syntactic noun or adjective. Cf.:

Indefinite pronominal semantic adjectives have the following grammatemes:

The indeftype grammateme. The indeftype grammateme expresses the semantic feature distinguishing the pronoun from the t-lemma it is represented by. There are only two t-lemmas used with indefinite pronominal semantic adjectives: který (=which) and jaký (=what). All other pronouns are taken to be their derivatives. Which pronouns are represented by which t-lemmas and which values of the indeftype grammateme they get is summarized in Table 5.18, "Indefinite pronominal semantic adjectives"

The first row presents the t-lemmas and in each column, there are pronouns represented by these t-lemmas. The first column lists the values of the indeftype grammateme which are to be assigned to a given t-lemma if it represents the pronoun in the same row as the value of the grammateme.

For example, the pronoun veškerý (=all) is represented by the t-lemma který (=which) and the value total1.

The list of pronouns is not exhaustive; in some cases there are other variants as well (e.g. apart from všelijaký there are also bůhvíjaký, kdovíjaký and other variants). Certain types of pronouns are not existent in Czech at all; e.g. there is no totalizer for the adjectival jaký; cf. the - symbol in the appropriate slot).

sempos = adj.quant.def

The subgroup of definite quantificational semantic adjectives consists of:

The cardinal numerals jedna (=one) through devětadevadesát (ninety-nine) are either semantic nouns or adjectives, according to their function in the sentence (see also Section 10, "Numbers and numerals"). Cf.:

The numerals sto, tisíc, milion (=hundred, thousand, million) or miliarda (=billion) etc. have the "container" meaning and are always semantic nouns (see Section 6.1.5, "Definite quantificational semantic nouns"). Nodes with the t-lemmas sto, tisíc are only considered semantic adjectives if they represent ordinal numerals (stý, tisící (=the hundredth, thousandth) etc.), set numerals (stery, tisícery (=one hundred, thousand sets of)) or sort numerals (sterý, tisícerý (=one hundred, thousand kinds of)), as well as if they represent adverbs of the type stokrát (=hundred_times) or posté (=for_the_hundredth_time).

Similarly, adverbs of this type, derived from the numerals jeden (=one) through devětadevadesát (=ninety-nine) (e.g.: jedenkrát, dvakrát / podruhé, podevětadevadesáté (=once, twice / for the first, second time)) are represented by the t-lemmas of the corresponding cardinal numerals.

The t-lemma tolik (=so_much) is always (i.e. whether it represents tolik, tolikátý or tolikrát etc.) considered a semantic adjective.

Definite quantificational semantic adjectives have the following grammatemes:

The numertype grammateme. The numertype grammateme expresses the semantic feature distinguishing the numeral from the t-lemma it is represented by. With definite quantificational semantic adjectives, there are four values of the numertype grammateme: basic (for cardinal numerals - or set numerals combined with pluralia tantum), ord (for ordinal numerals), set (for set numerals), kind (for sort numerals).

NB! Set numerals combined with pluralia tantum express - just like cardinal numerals with nouns that make use of the singular - plural opposition - simply the quantity of the denoted objects; the numertype grammateme has the value basic (troje dveře (=three doors) is just like tři okna (=three windows)).

Examples:

Adverbs of the type jedenkrát, dvakrát, stokrát, tolikrát (=once, twice, hundred_times, so_many_times) etc. are represented by the t-lemma of the corresponding cardinal numeral (jeden, dva, sto, tolik (=one, two, hundred, so_much/many) etc.) and the value of the numertype grammateme is basic.

The adverbs jednou and jedinkrát are considered variants of the adverb jedenkrát (=once) and are all represented by a single t-lemma jeden (=one) and the value of the numertype grammateme is basic.

Adverbs of the type poprvé, podruhé, posté, potolikáté (= for the first / second / hundredth / n-th time) etc. are also represented by the t-lemma of the corresponding cardinal numeral (jeden, dva, sto, tolik (=one, two, hundred, so_much/many) etc.) and the value of the numertype grammateme is ord.

The fact that these nodes, having the t-lemmas of cardinal numerals and the value of the grammateme either basic or ord represent adverbs and not cardinal or ordinal numerals follows from their function in the sentence. Such an adverbial function is expressed by the assigned functor (most often TWHEN or THO). Cf.:

sempos = adj.quant.indef

The subgroup of indefinite quantificational semantic adjectives consists of:

Indefinite quantificational semantic adjectives have the following grammatemes:

The numertype grammateme. With indefinite quantificational semantic adjectives, there are four values of the numertype grammateme: basic (for cardinal numerals - or set numerals combined with pluralia tantum), ord (for ordinal numerals), set (for set numerals), kind (for sort numerals).

NB! Set numerals in combination with pluralia tantum express - just like cardinal numerals with nouns that make use of the singular - plural opposition - simply the quantity of the denoted objects: the numertype has the value basic.

Examples:

Adverbs of the type kolikrát / několikrát are represented by the t-lemma of the relevant cardinal numeral (kolik) and the value of the numertype grammateme is basic.

Adverbs of the type pokolikáté / poněkolikáté etc. are represented by kolik and the value of the numertype grammateme is ord.

The fact that these nodes, having the t-lemmas of cardinal numerals and the value of the grammateme either basic or ord represent adverbs and not cardinal or ordinal numerals follows from their function in the sentence - such an adverbial function is expressed by the functor assigned to the node (most often TWHEN or THO). Cf.:

The indeftype grammateme. The indeftype grammateme expresses the semantic feature distinguishing the numeral from the t-lemma it is represented by. The only t-lemma for indefinite quantificational semantic adjectives is kolik. All other numerals are considered derived from this t-lemma.

All combinations of the numertype and indeftype grammateme values with nodes the t-lemma of which is kolik - i.e. all derivatives od this t-lemma - are in Table 5.19, "Indefinite quantificational semantic adjectives".

The first row lists all the values of the numertype grammateme; the first column lists the values of the indeftype grammateme. All the numerals (in the individual slots) are represented by a single t-lemma, namely kolik. Different combinations of this t-lemma, a certain value of the numertype grammateme and certain value of the indeftype grammateme represent different numerals.

For example, několikerý (=several_kinds_of) is represented by the t-lemma kolik (=how_many) and the values kind and indef1.

The list is not complete; in some cases, there are also other variants. Certain types of derivatives (combinations) are not existent at all (which is indicated by the - symbol in the relevant slot).

!!! It has turned out that indefinite numerals can be in the positions of syntactic nouns as well. In the future versions of PDT, it will be necessary to delimit a subgroup of indefinite quantificational semantic nouns, too (n.quant.indef) and distinguish the values adj.quant.indef and n.quant.indef, with indefinite numerals, depending on their syntactic position. See also Section 10.1.1, "Numerals with the role of an attribute (RSTR)".

sempos = adj.quant.grad

The subgroup of gradable quantificational semantic adjectives consists of:

Gradable quantificational semantic adjectives have the following grammatemes:

The degcmp grammateme. The value of the degree grammateme usually corresponds to the value of the morphological category of degree. Examples:

As for the acomp value, there is no corresponding value of the morphological category of degree; it is assigned to nodes representing frozen comparative forms not expressing comparison. E.g.:

NB! The comp or sup values are also assigned in those cases when the higher/highest degree of a property is expressed by the periphrastic form, e.g.: víc příjemně (=more pleasantly), nejvíce hezký (=the most beautiful) etc. Denominating semantic adjectives (see Section 6.2.1, "Denominating semantic adjectives") are (unlike the quantificational ones) assigned the pos value for the degcmp grammateme in these cases. For example:

The numertype grammateme. Numerals of this subgroup are always cardinal numerals - the value of the numertype grammateme is always basic. For example:

Adverbs of the type málokrát, mnohokrát are represented by the t-lemma of the relevant cardinal numeral (málo, mnoho) and the value of their numertype grammateme is basic. The fact that these nodes, having the t-lemmas of cardinal numerals and the basic value of the grammateme represent adverbs and not cardinal numerals follows from their function in the sentence - this adverbial function is expressed by the functor assigned to the node (usually THO). For example:

Adverbs of the type potřetí / pokolikáté (=for_the_third/n-th_time) derived from these numerals are non-existent in Czech.