6.4. Specific constructions with rhematizers

The annotation of constructions with rhematizers generally follows the basic guidelines (see Section 6.2, "Basic guidelines regarding the position of rhematizers in tectogrammatical trees" and Section 6.3, "Contextual boundness of rhematizers"). Here are some additional instructions for certain specific cases. These specific constructions include:

NB! There are also specific guidelines for constructions with negative and affirmative rhematizers, which are described in Section 13.1, "Negating and affirmative expressions as rhematizers".

6.4.1. Rhematizers in paratactic structures

The scope of a rhematizer can comprise a whole paratactic structure (which is either a clausal connection or a connection of sentence parts).

If the scope of the rhematizer comprises the whole paratactic structure, the node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the root of the paratactic structure. Compare:

  • Byli tam jenom.RHEM Petr a Pavel. (=lit. Were there only Peter and Paul.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises the whole paratactic structure Petr a Pavel (=Peter and Paul). The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the root of the paratactic structure, i.e. the node for the connective a (=and). Cf. Fig. 10.51.

  • Přijde jen.RHEM tehdy, když mu zavolají nebo mu napíší. (=lit. (He/She) will_come only _ when to_him/her (they) will_call or to_him/her (they) will_write.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises the whole paratactic structure když mu zavolají nebo mu napíší (=lit. when to_him/her (they) will_call or to_him/her (they) will_write.). The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the root of the paratactic structure, i.e. the node for the connective nebo (=or) .

Figure 10.51. Rhematizers in paratactic structures

Rhematizers in paratactic structures

Byli tam jenom Petr a Pavel. (=lit. Were there only Peter and Paul.)

For more information on homonymy between rhematizers and conjunction modifiers see Section 6.1.3, "Homonymy: rhematizer - conjunction modifier".

6.4.2. Rhematizers in nominal groups

In nominal groups, rhematizers can appear in non-contact positions with respect to the contextually non-bound expressions (parts of the sentence) in their scope because attributes, especially the genitive onec, stand usually in contact positions with their governing nodes; inserting a rhematizer is possible only in some marked cases. Compare:

Chtěl jsem sklenici jen vody. (=lit. (I) wanted _ (a) glass only of_water.)

Chtěl jsem červené jen auto. (=lit. (I) wanted _ red only (a) car.)

Therefore, contextually bound expressions can appear between a rhematizer and contextually non-bound expressions. In yhe tectogrammatical tree, the node representing a rhematizer is always the closest left sister of the first node representing the expression in its scope, even if the rhematizer is in a non-contact position with the expression at the surface structure of the sentence. Compare:

  • (Nerozšlápl jsem sklenici.) Rozšlápl jsem jen.RHEM [tfa=f] brýle [tfa=f] náměstka [tfa=f] ministra [tfa=f] vnitra [tfa=f] (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (a) drinking_glass.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises the whole constituent brýle náměstka ministra vnitra (=lit. (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.). The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the first node representing the expression in its scope, i.e. as the closest left sister of the node for the noun brýle (=glasses). Cf. Fig. 10.52.

  • (Nerozšlápl jsem brýle náměstka ministra spravedlnosti.) Rozšlápl jsem jen.RHEM [tfa=f] brýle [tfa=t] náměstka [tfa=t] ministra [tfa=t] vnitra [tfa=f] (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_justice.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises only the attribute vnitra (=of_interior). The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the first node representing the expression in its scope, i.e. as the closest left sister of the node for the noun vnitro (=interior). Cf. Fig. 10.53.

  • (Nerozšlápl jsem brýle prezidenta.) Rozšlápl jsem jen.RHEM [tfa=f] brýle [tfa=t] náměstka [tfa=f] ministra [tfa=f] vnitra [tfa=f] (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_president.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises the attribute náměstka ministra vnitra (=of_deputy minister of_interior) . The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the first node representing the expression in its scope, i.e. as the closest left sister of the node for the noun náměstek (=deputy). Cf. Fig. 10.54.

  • (Nerozšlápl jsem brýle ministra vnitra.) Rozšlápl jsem jen.RHEM [tfa=f] brýle [tfa=t] náměstka [tfa=f] ministra [tfa=t] vnitra [tfa=t] (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_minister of_interior.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

    The scope of the rhematizer comprises the attribute náměstka (=of_deputy). It is unclear whether the rhematizer has scope also over any other dependent modifications (the assumption that contextual boundness of a node excludes dependent nodes from the scope of a a rhematizer is still to be verified). The node representing the rhematizer is placed as the closest left sister of the first node representing the expression in its scope, i.e. as the closest left sister of the node for the noun náměstek (=deputy). Cf. Fig. 10.55.

Figure 10.52. Rhematizers in nominal groups

Rhematizers in nominal groups

(Nerozšlápl jsem sklenici.) Rozšlápl jsem jen brýle náměstka ministra vnitra. (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (a) drinking_glass.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

Figure 10.53. Rhematizers in nominal groups

Rhematizers in nominal groups

(Nerozšlápl jsem brýle náměstka ministra spravedlnosti.) Rozšlápl jsem jen brýle náměstka ministra vnitra. (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_justice.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

Figure 10.54. Rhematizers in nominal groups

Rhematizers in nominal groups

(Nerozšlápl jsem brýle prezidenta.) Rozšlápl jsem jen brýle náměstka ministra vnitra. (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_president.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)

Figure 10.55. Rhematizers in nominal groups

Rhematizers in nominal groups

(Nerozšlápl jsem brýle ministra vnitra.) Rozšlápl jsem jen brýle náměstka ministra vnitra. (=lit. ((I) did_not_tread_on _ (the) glasses of_minister of_interior.) (I) trod_on _ only (the) glasses of_deputy minister of_interior.)