6.7. MEANS

Definition of the MEANS functor

MEANS (means) is a functor for such an adjunct that expresses manner by specifying a means or instrument used for carrying out the event.

MEANS modifications refer to:

MEANS modifications modify verbs and their derivatives (e.g.: uhradit dluh směnkou.MEANS (=to pay a debt with a bill), instituce zmocněná zákonem.MEANS (=an institution authorized by the law), měření pomocí parity.MEANS (=measuring with the help of parity)).

Forms. The basic forms of the MEANS modification are:

Dependent clause. MEANS modifications can be expressed by a dependent clause only with the help of a supporting expression, e.g.:

Některé podniky se snaží omezit zadlužení tím, že nabízejí.MEANS věřitelům kapitalizaci dluhů. (=Some companies are trying to reduce their debts by offering...; lit. by_that that (they) are_offering..)

Agreeing form of an adjective. With event nouns (ending with -ní or ; see Section 2.4.3.3, "Functors assigned to the non-valency modifications of nouns referring to events"), the MEANS modification can also be expressed by an agreeing adjective form.

Example:

dělostřelecké.MEANS ostřelování (=artillery bombarding)

násilné.MEANS svržení režimu (=violent overthrow)

dolarové.MEANS krytí (=lit. dollar coverage)

Figure 7.38. The MEANS functor

The MEANS functor

Zavazuje si je pomocí exkluzivních smluv. (=lit. (He) binds REFL them by_means_of exclusive contracts)

6.7.1. Borderline cases with the MEANS functor

Border with the MANN functor. The MEANS functor is very close to the most general functor for expressing manner: the MANN functor (see Section 6.6, "MANN"). See Section 6.6.1, "Borderline cases with the MANN functor".