TTILL
functorThe TTILL
functor (temporal: till) is a functor for a (free) temporal modification answering the question "till when?".
A modification with the TTILL
functor expresses the end of the event (expressed by the governing word) either by direct specification of the moment (do pěti hodin (=lit. till five o'clock), dodnes (=till today)), or by specifying the temporal relation to another event (do odjezdu (=till the departure), do snídaně (=till breakfast)).
Forms. The basic forms of TTILL
modifications are:
prepositional phrase.
The most common forms:
do+2 | Do večera budu v Praze. (=Till the evening I will be in Prague.) |
k+3 | K tomuto termínu bylo podáno 2173 žádostí. (=2173 applications have been submitted by this date.) |
po+4 | Pracoval až po tu chvíli. (=He was working till that moment.) |
adverbial expressions.
Examples:
Až doteď.TTILL
byl spokojen. (=lit. Till now (he) has_been satisfied.)
Dodnes.TTILL
nevím, kde je. (=lit. Till_today (I) do_not_know where (he) is.)
Dokdy.TTILL
tu můžete zůstat?(=lit. Till_when here can_(you) stay?)
Doposud.TTILL
jsme nepřišli na řešení. (=lit. So_far (we) - have_not _arrived at (a) solution.)
dependent clause.
The most common forms:
až | Za rohem na ně počká, až to skončí. (=Round the corner he will wait for them till it ends.) |
dokud | Nedělej to, dokud se nevrátím. (=Don't do it till I get back.) |
než / nežli | Potomci posbírali nějaké vědomosti, než převzali rodinný majetek a začali na něm sami hospodařit. (=The descendants gathered some knowledge before they took over the property of the family and started to manage it on their own.) |
A temporal modification with the TILL
functor can also be expressed by a dependent clause introduced by the subordinating connectives dokud (=till/until) and než (=before). The governing verb of the dependent clause is usually perfective; the conjunction než (=before) requires a positive verb form while the conjunction dokud (=till/until) requires a negative verb form.
Example:
Udělej to, než se vrátím.TTILL
(=lit. Do it before (I) - get_back.) Fig. 7.19
NB! In the constructions with the expressions do té doby, co (=lit. till the time when); do toho okamžiku, kdy (=lit. till the moment when) etc. the dependent clause is not interpreted as a temporal clause but its effective root node is rather assigned the RSTR
functor; e.g.:
Budeme to auto využívat do té doby.TTILL
, co bude jezdit.RSTR
(=lit. (We) will the car use till the time when (it) - goes.)
Agreeing form of an adjective. With nouns denoting events (nouns ending with -ní and tí; see Section 2.4.3.3, "Functors assigned to the non-valency modifications of nouns referring to events"), THL
modifications can also be expressed by agreeing forms of adjectives (however, this is rather rare).
Example:
dosavadní.TTILL
fungování (=lit. (the) existing operation)
Border with the THL
functor. The TTILL
functor is close esp. to temporal modifications with the meaning "how long?" (THL
; see Section 3.4, "THL"). See Section 3.4.1, "Borderline cases with the THL
functor".
Dependent clause with conjunction "dokud (=till)". A dependent temporal clause introduced by the connective dokud (=till) can express both the meaning TTILL
and THL
. See also Section 3.4.1, "Borderline cases with the THL
functor".
Border with the TWHEN
functor in the constructions with conjunction "než (=before)". A dependent temporal clause with the conjuction než (=before) borders on temporal clauses that have the meaning of the TWHEN
functor (see Section 3.1, "TWHEN"). Cf.:
Než se naobědval.TWHEN
, umyl si ruce. (=lit. Before (he) - had_lunch, (he) washed his hands.)
Udělej to, než se vrátím.TTILL
(=lit. Do it before (I) get_back.)