6. Ellipsis

Newly established nodes are necessary for a complete representation of the meaning of the sentence.

Every newly established node is assigned the value 1 in the attribute is_generated

Types of newly established nodes:

  1. nodes for omitted meaning units (see Section 6.1, “Ellipsis”),

  2. auxiliary nodes for representing more complex syntactic structures (see Section 6.2, “Newly established nodes in more complex syntactic structures”),

  3. nodes representing negation with verbs (see Section 6.3, “Nodes representing negation with verbs”).

Newly established nodes are added to the structure in two ways. There are:

  1. copied nodes, i.e. newly established nodes that have the values of certain atributes the same as some other node. A node is copied as a lexical unit, which is represented by its t-lemma, some grammatemes and a valency frame. The following attributes remain the same when a node is copied:

    t_lemma
    a/lex.rf
    val_frame.rf
    is_name_of_person
    gram/gender
    gram/aspect
    gram/iterativeness
    gram/negation
    gram/indeftype
    gram/numertype

    A copied node does not have to be present in the same tree as the original one. Copied nodes are used for representing ellipsis of governing elements (see Section 6.1.1, “Ellipsis of a governing meaning unit”).

  2. newly established node with a t-lemma substitute, i.e. a newly established node with one of the following t-lemma substitutes:

    #EmpNoun
    #EmpVerb

    grammatical ellipsis of governing meaning units

    (see Section 6.1.1, “Ellipsis of a governing meaning unit”)

    #AsMuch
    #Equal
    #Total

    ellipsis of governing meaning units in specific constructions

    (see Section 6.1.3, “Specific elliptical constructions”)

    #Benef
    #Cor
    #Gen
    #Oblfm
    #PersPron
    #QCor
    #Rcp
    #Some
    #Unsp

    ellipsis of dependent meaning units

    (see Section 6.1.2, “Ellipsis of a dependent meaning unit”)

    #Forn
    #Idph
    #Separ

    auxiliary nodes for representing more complex syntactic structures

    (see Section 6.2, “Newly established nodes in more complex syntactic structures”)

    #Neg

    verbal negation by means of the morpheme ne-

    (see Section 6.3, “Nodes representing negation with verbs”)