4.1. Coordination, apposition, mathematical operations and intervals

4.1. Coordination, apposition, mathematical operations and intervals
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The following cases are represented as paratactic structures:

coordination or apposition,

mathematical operations and intervals.

Coordination or apposition. Only those combinations of two or more elements are considered coordination or apposition which are connected by a coordinating connective.

To be analyzed as apposition, the two elements have to be separated by a comma (e.g.: Karel, the Czech Emperor; Prague, the capital). If there is no comma (e.g.: the Czech Emperor Karel; the capital city Praha; it happened in Prague on the Old Town Square; in February 1999; 10:50 a.m. EST) the connection is not analyzed as apposition (see especially Section 1.3, “Ambiguous dependency”).

Also some specific constructions are represented as coordination or apposition: constructions with the abbreviations etc., e.g., i.e.; constructions in which a modification follows expressions like such as. Also constructions which (see also Section 3.3.3, “False dependent clauses”) and some other specific constructions like addresses etc. are analyzed as paratactic structures.

Mathematical operations and intervals. Constructions expressing mathematical operations and intervals are represented as paratactic structures even if the elements are connected by hypotactic means:

mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) are analyzed exclusively by means of the OPER functor. For example:
the match ended in a 5:0 draw. (Fig. 4.57)
10 minus 2 is 8. (=Ten minus two is eight.)
intervals (temporal, spatial and other) are represented in two ways:
1. with the help of appropriate temporal and locative/directional functors. For example:
  It kept snowing from Christmas.TSIN to Easter.TTILL
  It happened between Monday.TWHEN [subfunctor=betw] and Wednesday.TWHEN [subfunctor = betw]
  I know it here from Aš.DIR1 over Prague.DIR2 to Brno.DIR3
2. those temporal and spatial intervals in which the interval meaning would get lost in the annotation by means of temporal or locative/directional functors, and all other intervals (that have no temporal or spatial meaning) are represented as a paratactic structure, with the functor OPER at the root of the structure. For example:
  In the years 1995 - 1999 I was attending the high school.
  Everybody was watching, from kids to adults. Fig. 4.59
  a three to ten-year follow-up study ^[2]
  An accident occurred on the route London-Sydney.

Figure 4.57. Mathematical operations

The match ended in a 5:0 draw.

Figure 4.58. Interval as a paratactic structure

In the ears 1995-1999 I was attending the high school.

Figure 4.59. Interval as a paratactic structure

Everybody was watching, from kids to adults.

^[2]NB: this would currently pose problems as nodes with hyphens are not yet analyzed in more detail.