2.2. PAT

Definition of the PAT functor

The PAT functor (Patient) is a functor used primarily for the second argument. In those cases when there is no argument shifting, the modification with the PAT functor refers to the affected object (in the broad sense of the word).

For the rules regarding the argument shifting, see Section 2.1.4, "Criteria for determining the type of argument (the principle of shifting)".

Although the Patient is defined primarily syntactically (as the second argument), it is also possible to provide some semantic characteristics of the argument. The PAT functor is assigned to the modifications denoting the affected object in the broad sense of the word, namely:

NB! The PAT functor is also assigned to nodes representing the nominal part of a verbonominal predicate (e.g. být hodný.PAT (=to be good)). For more on this see Section 2.1.3, "Copula "být" (verbonominal predicate)".

Forms of the Patient with verbs. The forms of modifications with the PAT functor differ depending on which part of speech the governing lexical item is. The basic forms of the Patient as a modification of verbs are:

Forms of the Patient with nouns. The basic forms of the Patient as a modification of nouns are:

Forms of the Patient with adjectives. The Patient dependent on an adjective has usually the form of a noun in a non-prepositional forms or that of a prepositional phrase.

Examples:

oficiální doktrína zaměřená proti homosexuálům.PAT (=the official doctrine oriented against homosexuals)

lidé odpovědní za deportace.PAT Židů (=the people responsible for the deportations of Jews)

Moskvě.PAT nesympatická nabídka (=an offer unattractive to Moscow)

2.2.1. Borderline cases with the PAT functor

Border with the APP and MAT functors. The PAT functor is bordering on the APP and MAT functors in some cases (see Section 10, "Specific adnominal functors"). For more on this border see Section 2.3.2.3.3, "Borderline between the Patient and the MAT and APP functors".

Border with the ACT functor. When determining the first and second argument (ACT and PAT) one of which has the dative form, it may be hard to tell which is which; i.e. PAT may border on ACT. For more on this see Section 2.1.4, "Criteria for determining the type of argument (the principle of shifting)". The precise rules for determining the functor value are still to be established.

Border with the DIR1 functor. With verbs of change (from one state into another), the PAT functor is bordering on the DIR1 functor (see Section 4.1, "DIR1"). For more on this border see Section 2.3.1.3.4, "The borderline between the PAT, ORIG and EFF arguments and the DIR1 and DIR3 adjuncts".