The basic types of connecting verbal and non-verbal clauses by means of dependency and non-dependency relations are discussed in Section 4.3, "Connecting verbal and non-verbal clauses". The present section discusses the annotation of cases in which two verbal clauses are connected in a dependency relation (in a complex sentence).
In a complex sentence, the following are distinguished:
The effective root node of a dependent clause depends on the effective root node of the modified modification. If the dependent clause modifies the content of the whole governing clause, its effective root node depends on the effective root node of the governing clause.
Types of dependent verbal clauses. There are three types of dependent verbal clauses:
content clause. A content clause stands for an argument of a modification in the governing clause (e.g. a verb, event noun etc.).
The effective root node of a content clause is assigned an argument functor.
A content clause can be connected by means of a subordinating conjunction, but also by a relative pronoun or adverb.
Examples of content clauses connected by means of subordinating conjunctions:
Řekl, <že> přijde.EFF (=He said that he was coming)
Otázka, <zda> přijde.PAT , nebyla zodpovězena. (=The question whether he was coming was not answered)
Examples of content clauses connected by means of relative pronouns or adverbs:
Zeptal se, kdo přijde.PAT (=He asked who was coming)
Otázka, kdo přijde.PAT , nebyla zodpovězena. (=The question who was coming was not answered)
Nevím, kam šel.PAT (=I don't know where he went)
The relative elements introducing content clauses (unlike with relative clauses) have no coreferred node in the governing clause. There is no coreference involved in these cases.
adverbial clause. Adverbial clauses express especially temporal meanings, location/direction, manner and other circumstances of the governing clause or a modification of the governing clause.
The effective root node of an adverbial clause is assigned an adjunct functor. The effective root node of an adverbial clause usually depends on a verb (or a nominalization). In certain special cases (e.g. consecutive clauses, see Section 7, "Constructions with a dependent consecutive clause", dependent comparative clauses, see Section 4, "Constructions with the meaning of "comparison"", dependent clauses with the meaning of a restriction, see Section 6.1, "Meaning of "restriction""), it can also depend on a different node.
Adverbial clauses can be introduced by a subordinating conjunction or relative adverb.
Examples of adverbial clauses connected by means of a subordinating conjunction:
<Když> bude.COND hezky, půjdeme ven. (=If it is nice, we'll go out)
Nestihl to dokončit, <protože> neměl.CAUS dost času. (=He didn't manage to finish it because he didn't have enough time)
Examples of adverbial clauses connected by means of a relative pronoun or adverb:
Šel, kam ho nohy nesly.DIR3 (=He went where his feet took him)
Odejdu, kdy chci.TWHEN (=I'll leave when I want to)
relative clause. Relative clauses modify a noun (phrase) in the governing clause.
The effective root node of a relative clause has the RSTR functor and depends on the effective root node of the noun phrase it modifies.
Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns or adverbs. The only exception are the relative clauses introduced by the connective co; see Section 5.2.1, "Dependent clauses with the connective "co"".
Examples of relative clauses:
Otázka, která nebyla zodpovězena.RSTR , si žádá odpověď. (=A question which was not answered calls for answering)
Místo, kam šel.RSTR , mi není známo. (=I don't know the place he went to)
Relative elements introducing relative clauses corefer with the noun they modify. There is a grammatical coreference relation between the relative pronoun and the modified noun (see also Section 2, "Grammatical coreference").
The following sections describe some rules for the annotation of dependent verbal clauses:
the annotation of verbal clauses in which the finite verb form is missing at the surface level (see Section 5.1, "Dependent verbal clauses without a finite verb form"),
distinguishing content and relative clauses (see Section 5.2, "Content vs. relative clauses"),
clauses with so-called supporting expressions (see Section 5.3, "Supporting expressions"),
false dependent clauses (see Section 5.4, "False dependent clauses").