First, in the part Definition of subject we shall explain what is subject (Sb) and define it.

The main contents of this section consist of the part Expression of a subject, subdivided according to individual types of expression of a subject. Sb can be expressed by a noun in nominative (Subject expressed by a noun in nominative), an adjective (Subject expressed by an adjective), a pronoun (Subject expressed by a pronoun), a relative pronoun (Subject expressed by a relative pronoun), an inflexible word (Subject expressed by an inflexible word), a quotation (Subject expressed by a quotation), a genitive of negation (Subject expressed by genitive of negation), a partitive genitive (Subject expressed by partitive genitive), a genitive possessive by origin (Subject expressed by a genitive possessive by origin), a prepositional case (Subject expressed by a prepositional case), a numeral (Subject expressed by a numeral), an infinitive (Subject expressed by infinitive), a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun (Subject expressed by a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun), a subordinate clause introduced by a conjunction (Subject expressed by a subordinate clause introduced by a conjunction), a dative (Subject expressed by dative), a pronoun což (what) in a pseudo-relative clause (Subject expressed by the pronoun což (what, which) in a pseudo-relative clause), or it can be introduced by the conjunction než (than) (Subject introduced by the conjunction než (than, but)).

In conclusion, in the part Possible confusion of subject and object, some attention is devoted to mutual substitution of functions Sb and Obj in problematic constructions.

INFO SB

Subject of a clause can be represented by practically any construction to which the question who (what) can be applied. A subject always depends on the predicate, which means that it technically depends on the node which bears afun Pred in the main sentence and the function of subordinate clause in such a construction (see the part Delimitation of the predicate). If an apparent subject 'stands out' of the sentence (e.g., Voda, to je základ mlékaření - Water, that's the basis of dairying), its expression is regarded as a parenthesis (see A syntactially non-incorporated sentence part or sentential form; ellipsis; an independent sentence part; vocative; interjection Exd_Pa).

INFO SB

Subject is as a rule expressed by a noun or a pronoun in nominative, but it can also be expressed by any other part of speech.

INFO SB

In assigning analytical functions Sb and Obj a confusion often is present, especially in:

In case of doubt a simple test can be used - to introduce a feminine noun of the paradigm žena, where the forms of nominative and accusative are different. E.g., in the sentence Hitlerovi se nepodařilo tisíciletou říši ustavit (Hitler failed to establish the thousand-years empire) the word ustavit (establish) functions as subject - it can be said žena-Nom se podařila, not ženu-Acc se podařila. Similarly also in other examples: